/*
 * Copyright © 2008-2026 Dynare Team
 *
 * This file is part of Dynare.
 *
 * Dynare is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * Dynare is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with Dynare.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

/* Defines the entry point for the k-order perturbation application DLL.

   See matlab/mex/k_order_perturbation.m for a description of inputs and
   outputs.
*/

#include "dynamic_dll.hh"
#include "dynamic_m.hh"
#include "k_ord_dynare.hh"

#include "SylvException.hh"
#include "approximation.hh"
#include "dynare_exception.hh"
#include "exception.hh"
#include "kord_exception.hh"
#include "tl_exception.hh"

#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>

#include "dynmex.h"

/* Vector for storing field names like “g_0”, “g_1”, …
   A static structure is needed since MATLAB apparently does not create its own
   copy of the strings (contrary to what is said at:
    https://fr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/315937-mxcreatestructarray-and-mxcreatestructmatrix-field-name-memory-management
   ) */
std::vector<std::string> g_fieldnames;

/* Convert MATLAB Dynare endo and exo names cell array to a vector<string> array of
   string pointers. */
std::vector<std::string>
DynareMxArrayToString(const mxArray* mxFldp)
{
  assert(mxIsCell(mxFldp));
  std::vector<std::string> r;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < mxGetNumberOfElements(mxFldp); i++)
    {
      const mxArray* cell_mx = mxGetCell(mxFldp, i);
      if (!(cell_mx && mxIsChar(cell_mx)))
        mexErrMsgTxt("Cell is not a character array");
      r.emplace_back(mxArrayToString(cell_mx));
    }

  return r;
}

void
copy_derivatives(mxArray* destin, const Symmetry& sym, const FGSContainer& derivs,
                 const char* fieldname)
{
  const FGSTensor& x = derivs.get(sym);
  auto x_unfolded = x.unfold();
  int n = x_unfolded->nrows();
  int m = x_unfolded->ncols();
  mxArray* tmp = mxCreateDoubleMatrix(n, m, mxREAL);
  std::ranges::copy_n(x_unfolded->getData().base(), n * m, mxGetDoubles(tmp));
  mxSetField(destin, 0, fieldname, tmp);
}

extern "C"
{

  void
  mexFunction(int nlhs, mxArray* plhs[], int nrhs, const mxArray* prhs[])
  {
    if (nrhs != 3 || nlhs < 1 || nlhs > 2)
      mexErrMsgTxt("Must have exactly 3 input parameters and takes 1 or 2 output parameters.");

    // Give explicit names to input arguments
    const mxArray* dr_mx = prhs[0];
    const mxArray* M_mx = prhs[1];
    const mxArray* options_mx = prhs[2];

    auto get_int_field = [](const mxArray* struct_mx, const std::string& fieldname) {
      mxArray* field_mx = mxGetField(struct_mx, 0, fieldname.c_str());
      if (!(field_mx && mxIsScalar(field_mx) && mxIsNumeric(field_mx)))
        mexErrMsgTxt(("Field `" + fieldname + "' should be a numeric scalar").c_str());
      return static_cast<int>(mxGetScalar(field_mx));
    };

    // Extract various fields from options_
    const int kOrder = get_int_field(options_mx, "order");
    if (kOrder < 1)
      mexErrMsgTxt("options_.order must be at least 1");

    const mxArray* use_dll_mx = mxGetField(options_mx, 0, "use_dll");
    if (!(use_dll_mx && mxIsLogicalScalar(use_dll_mx)))
      mexErrMsgTxt("options_.use_dll should be a logical scalar");
    bool use_dll = static_cast<bool>(mxGetScalar(use_dll_mx));

    double qz_criterium = 1 + 1e-6;
    const mxArray* qz_criterium_mx = mxGetField(options_mx, 0, "qz_criterium");
    if (qz_criterium_mx && mxIsScalar(qz_criterium_mx) && mxIsNumeric(qz_criterium_mx))
      qz_criterium = mxGetScalar(qz_criterium_mx);

    const mxArray* threads_mx = mxGetField(options_mx, 0, "threads");
    if (!threads_mx)
      mexErrMsgTxt("Can't find field options_.threads");
    const mxArray* num_threads_mx = mxGetField(threads_mx, 0, "k_order_perturbation");
    if (!(num_threads_mx && mxIsScalar(num_threads_mx) && mxIsNumeric(num_threads_mx)))
      mexErrMsgTxt("options_.threads.k_order_perturbation be a numeric scalar");
    int num_threads = static_cast<int>(mxGetScalar(num_threads_mx));

    const mxArray* debug_mx = mxGetField(options_mx, 0, "debug");
    if (!(debug_mx && mxIsLogicalScalar(debug_mx)))
      mexErrMsgTxt("options_.debug should be a logical scalar");
    bool debug = static_cast<bool>(mxGetScalar(debug_mx));

    const mxArray* pruning_mx = mxGetField(options_mx, 0, "pruning");
    if (!(pruning_mx && mxIsLogicalScalar(pruning_mx)))
      mexErrMsgTxt("options_.pruning should be a logical scalar");
    bool pruning = static_cast<bool>(mxGetScalar(pruning_mx));

    const mxArray* verbosity_mx = mxGetField(options_mx, 0, "verbosity");
    if (!(verbosity_mx && mxIsScalar(verbosity_mx) && mxIsNumeric(verbosity_mx)))
      mexErrMsgTxt("options_.verbosity should be a numeric scalar");
    int verbosity {static_cast<int>(mxGetScalar(verbosity_mx))};

    // Extract various fields from M_
    const mxArray* fname_mx = mxGetField(M_mx, 0, "fname");
    if (!(fname_mx && mxIsChar(fname_mx) && mxGetM(fname_mx) == 1))
      mexErrMsgTxt("M_.fname should be a character string");
    std::string fname {mxArrayToString(fname_mx)};

    const mxArray* params_mx = mxGetField(M_mx, 0, "params");
    if (!(params_mx && mxIsDouble(params_mx) && !mxIsComplex(params_mx) && !mxIsSparse(params_mx)))
      mexErrMsgTxt("M_.params should be a real dense array");
    Vector modParams {ConstVector {params_mx}};
    if (!modParams.isFinite())
      mexErrMsgTxt("M_.params contains NaN or Inf");

    const mxArray* sigma_e_mx = mxGetField(M_mx, 0, "Sigma_e");
    if (!(sigma_e_mx && mxIsDouble(sigma_e_mx) && !mxIsComplex(sigma_e_mx)
          && !mxIsSparse(sigma_e_mx) && mxGetM(sigma_e_mx) == mxGetN(sigma_e_mx)))
      mexErrMsgTxt("M_.Sigma_e should be a real dense square matrix");
    TwoDMatrix vCov {ConstTwoDMatrix {sigma_e_mx}};
    if (!vCov.isFinite())
      mexErrMsgTxt("M_.Sigma_e contains NaN or Inf");

    const int nStat = get_int_field(M_mx, "nstatic");
    const int nPred = get_int_field(M_mx, "npred");
    const int nBoth = get_int_field(M_mx, "nboth");
    const int nForw = get_int_field(M_mx, "nfwrd");

    const int nExog = get_int_field(M_mx, "exo_nbr");
    const int nEndo = get_int_field(M_mx, "endo_nbr");
    const int nPar = get_int_field(M_mx, "param_nbr");

    const mxArray* endo_names_mx = mxGetField(M_mx, 0, "endo_names");
    if (!(endo_names_mx && mxIsCell(endo_names_mx)
          && mxGetNumberOfElements(endo_names_mx) == static_cast<size_t>(nEndo)))
      mexErrMsgTxt("M_.endo_names should be a cell array of M_.endo_nbr elements");
    std::vector<std::string> endoNames = DynareMxArrayToString(endo_names_mx);

    const mxArray* exo_names_mx = mxGetField(M_mx, 0, "exo_names");
    if (!(exo_names_mx && mxIsCell(exo_names_mx)
          && mxGetNumberOfElements(exo_names_mx) == static_cast<size_t>(nExog)))
      mexErrMsgTxt("M_.exo_names should be a cell array of M_.exo_nbr elements");
    std::vector<std::string> exoNames = DynareMxArrayToString(exo_names_mx);

    const mxArray* dynamic_tmp_nbr_mx = mxGetField(M_mx, 0, "dynamic_tmp_nbr");
    if (!(dynamic_tmp_nbr_mx && mxIsDouble(dynamic_tmp_nbr_mx) && !mxIsComplex(dynamic_tmp_nbr_mx)
          && !mxIsSparse(dynamic_tmp_nbr_mx)
          && mxGetNumberOfElements(dynamic_tmp_nbr_mx) >= static_cast<size_t>(kOrder + 1)))
      mexErrMsgTxt("M_.dynamic_tmp_nbr should be a real dense array with strictly more elements "
                   "than the order of derivation");
    int ntt = std::accumulate(mxGetDoubles(dynamic_tmp_nbr_mx),
                              mxGetDoubles(dynamic_tmp_nbr_mx) + kOrder + 1, 0);

    // Extract various fields from dr
    const mxArray* ys_mx = mxGetField(dr_mx, 0, "ys"); // and not in order of dr.order_var
    if (!(ys_mx && mxIsDouble(ys_mx) && !mxIsComplex(ys_mx) && !mxIsSparse(ys_mx)))
      mexErrMsgTxt("dr.ys should be a real dense array");
    Vector ySteady {ConstVector {ys_mx}};
    if (!ySteady.isFinite())
      mexErrMsgTxt("dr.ys contains NaN or Inf");

    const mxArray* order_var_mx = mxGetField(dr_mx, 0, "order_var");
    if (!(order_var_mx && mxIsDouble(order_var_mx) && !mxIsComplex(order_var_mx)
          && !mxIsSparse(order_var_mx)
          && mxGetNumberOfElements(order_var_mx) == static_cast<size_t>(nEndo)))
      mexErrMsgTxt("dr.order_var should be a real dense array of M_.endo_nbr elements");
    std::vector<int> dr_order(nEndo);
    std::ranges::transform(mxGetDoubles(order_var_mx), mxGetDoubles(order_var_mx) + nEndo,
                           dr_order.begin(), [](double x) { return static_cast<int>(x) - 1; });

    // Retrieve sparse indices for dynamic model

    const mxArray* dynamic_g1_sparse_rowval_mx = mxGetField(M_mx, 0, "dynamic_g1_sparse_rowval");
    if (!(dynamic_g1_sparse_rowval_mx && mxIsInt32(dynamic_g1_sparse_rowval_mx)))
      mexErrMsgTxt("M_.dynamic_g1_sparse_rowval should be an int32 array");

    const mxArray* dynamic_g1_sparse_colval_mx = mxGetField(M_mx, 0, "dynamic_g1_sparse_colval");
    if (!(dynamic_g1_sparse_colval_mx && mxIsInt32(dynamic_g1_sparse_colval_mx)))
      mexErrMsgTxt("M_.dynamic_g1_sparse_colval should be an int32 array");

    const mxArray* dynamic_g1_sparse_colptr_mx = mxGetField(M_mx, 0, "dynamic_g1_sparse_colptr");
    if (!(dynamic_g1_sparse_colptr_mx && mxIsInt32(dynamic_g1_sparse_colptr_mx)))
      mexErrMsgTxt("M_.dynamic_g1_sparse_colptr should be an int32 array");

    std::vector<const mxArray*> dynamic_gN_sparse_indices;
    for (int o {2}; o <= kOrder; o++)
      {
        using namespace std::string_literals;
        auto fieldname {"dynamic_g"s + std::to_string(o) + "_sparse_indices"};
        const mxArray* indices = mxGetField(M_mx, 0, fieldname.c_str());
        if (!(indices && mxIsInt32(indices)))
          mexErrMsgTxt(("M_."s + fieldname + " should be an int32 array").c_str());
        dynamic_gN_sparse_indices.push_back(indices);
      }

    const int nSteps
        = 0; // Dynare++ solving steps, for time being default to 0 = deterministic steady state

    try
      {
        // Journal is not written on-disk, unless options_.debug = true (see #1735)
        Journal journal;
        if (debug)
          journal = Journal {fname + ".jnl"};

        std::unique_ptr<DynamicModelAC> dynamicModelFile;
        if (use_dll)
          dynamicModelFile = std::make_unique<DynamicModelDLL>(
              fname, kOrder, dynamic_g1_sparse_rowval_mx, dynamic_g1_sparse_colval_mx,
              dynamic_g1_sparse_colptr_mx, dynamic_gN_sparse_indices, ntt);
        else
          dynamicModelFile = std::make_unique<DynamicModelMFile>(
              fname, kOrder, dynamic_g1_sparse_rowval_mx, dynamic_g1_sparse_colval_mx,
              dynamic_g1_sparse_colptr_mx, dynamic_gN_sparse_indices);

        // intiate tensor library
        TLStatic::init(kOrder, nStat + 2 * nPred + 3 * nBoth + 2 * nForw + nExog);

        // Initialize thread pool
        thread_pool::initialize(num_threads);

        // make KordpDynare object
        KordpDynare dynare(endoNames, exoNames, nExog, nPar, ySteady, vCov, modParams, nStat, nPred,
                           nForw, nBoth, nSteps, kOrder, journal, std::move(dynamicModelFile),
                           dr_order);

        // construct main K-order approximation class
        Approximation app(dynare, journal, nSteps, false, pruning, qz_criterium);
        // run stochastic steady
        app.walkStochSteady();

        const FoldDecisionRule& fdr = app.getFoldDecisionRule();

        // Add possibly missing field names
        for (int i = static_cast<int>(g_fieldnames.size()); i <= kOrder; i++)
          g_fieldnames.emplace_back("g_" + std::to_string(i));
        // Create structure for storing derivatives in Dynare++ format
        std::vector<const char*> g_fieldnames_c(kOrder + 1);
        for (int i = 0; i <= kOrder; i++)
          g_fieldnames_c[i] = g_fieldnames[i].c_str();

        if (pruning)
          {
            auto g_fieldnames_pruning_c = g_fieldnames_c;
            g_fieldnames_pruning_c.push_back("pruning");
            plhs[0] = mxCreateStructMatrix(1, 1, kOrder + 2, g_fieldnames_pruning_c.data());
          }
        else
          plhs[0] = mxCreateStructMatrix(1, 1, kOrder + 1, g_fieldnames_c.data());

        // Fill that structure
        for (int i = 0; i <= kOrder; i++)
          {
            const FFSTensor& t = fdr.get(Symmetry {i});
            mxArray* tmp = mxCreateDoubleMatrix(t.nrows(), t.ncols(), mxREAL);
            const ConstVector& vec = t.getData();
            assert(vec.skip() == 1);
            std::ranges::copy_n(vec.base(), vec.length(), mxGetDoubles(tmp));
            mxSetField(plhs[0], 0, g_fieldnames_c[i], tmp);
          }

        // Filling the output elements for pruning
        if (pruning)
          {
            const UnfoldDecisionRule& udr_pruning = app.getUnfoldDecisionRulePruning();

            mxArray* dr_pruning = mxCreateStructMatrix(1, 1, kOrder + 1, g_fieldnames_c.data());
            mxSetField(plhs[0], 0, "pruning", dr_pruning);

            // Fill that structure
            for (int i = 0; i <= kOrder; i++)
              {
                const UFSTensor& t = udr_pruning.get(Symmetry {i});
                mxArray* tmp = mxCreateDoubleMatrix(t.nrows(), t.ncols(), mxREAL);
                const ConstVector& vec = t.getData();
                assert(vec.skip() == 1);
                std::ranges::copy_n(vec.base(), vec.length(), mxGetDoubles(tmp));
                mxSetField(dr_pruning, 0, g_fieldnames_c[i], tmp);
              }
          }

        if (nlhs > 1)
          {
            /* Return as 3rd argument a struct containing derivatives in Dynare
               format (unfolded matrices, without Taylor coefficient) up to 3rd
               order */
            const FGSContainer& derivs = app.get_rule_ders();

            size_t nfields = (kOrder == 1 ? 2 : (kOrder == 2 ? 6 : 12));
            const char* c_fieldnames[] = {"gy",   "gu",   "gyy",  "gyu",  "guu",  "gss",
                                          "gyyy", "gyyu", "gyuu", "guuu", "gyss", "guss"};
            plhs[1] = mxCreateStructMatrix(1, 1, nfields, c_fieldnames);

            copy_derivatives(plhs[1], Symmetry {1, 0, 0, 0}, derivs, "gy");
            copy_derivatives(plhs[1], Symmetry {0, 1, 0, 0}, derivs, "gu");
            if (kOrder >= 2)
              {
                copy_derivatives(plhs[1], Symmetry {2, 0, 0, 0}, derivs, "gyy");
                copy_derivatives(plhs[1], Symmetry {0, 2, 0, 0}, derivs, "guu");
                copy_derivatives(plhs[1], Symmetry {1, 1, 0, 0}, derivs, "gyu");
                copy_derivatives(plhs[1], Symmetry {0, 0, 0, 2}, derivs, "gss");
              }
            if (kOrder >= 3)
              {
                copy_derivatives(plhs[1], Symmetry {3, 0, 0, 0}, derivs, "gyyy");
                copy_derivatives(plhs[1], Symmetry {0, 3, 0, 0}, derivs, "guuu");
                copy_derivatives(plhs[1], Symmetry {2, 1, 0, 0}, derivs, "gyyu");
                copy_derivatives(plhs[1], Symmetry {1, 2, 0, 0}, derivs, "gyuu");
                copy_derivatives(plhs[1], Symmetry {1, 0, 0, 2}, derivs, "gyss");
                copy_derivatives(plhs[1], Symmetry {0, 1, 0, 2}, derivs, "guss");
              }
          }
      }
    catch (const KordException& e)
      {
        if (verbosity > 0)
          e.print();
        mexErrMsgTxt(
            ("dynare:k_order_perturbation: Caught Kord exception: " + e.get_message()).c_str());
      }
    catch (const TLException& e)
      {
        if (verbosity > 0)
          e.print();
        mexErrMsgTxt("dynare:k_order_perturbation: Caught TL exception");
      }
    catch (SylvException& e)
      {
        if (verbosity > 0)
          e.printMessage();
        mexErrMsgTxt("dynare:k_order_perturbation: Caught Sylv exception");
      }
    catch (const DynareException& e)
      {
        mexErrMsgTxt(
            ("dynare:k_order_perturbation: Caught KordDynare exception: " + e.message()).c_str());
      }
    catch (const ogu::Exception& e)
      {
        mexErrMsgTxt(
            ("dynare:k_order_perturbation: Caught general exception: " + e.message()).c_str());
      }
  } // end of mexFunction()
} // end of extern C
